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  • Research use only (RUO). All products are sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes — not for human or veterinary consumption. Purchasers must be 21 or older.

    All rights reserved. Copyright of New-U held with Hilxera Distribution Services LLC 2026.

    Website & business operated by Hilxera Distribution Services LLC. Registered in Wyoming, ID: 2026-001928701.

    © 2026 New-U Research Compounds · new-u.io · @new.u.io

    SS-31

    Pick your pack · how long it lasts

    At 15 mg/wk — select pack size

    Lab-direct quality — full packs or single-vial samples

    Every batch ships straight from the lab that synthesises it — sealed, tamper-evident, and HPLC-verified to >99% purity with a batch-linked Certificate of Analysis. View the batch Certificate of Analysis → Buying direct means you pay the lab-direct rate on every vial, with nothing stacked on top.

    Order a full sealed 10-vial research pack for a complete study supply, or add a single-vial sample alongside your pack to trial a new compound first. Same lab, same batch, same verified purity — scaled to whatever your research needs.

    What It's Researched For

    In plain terms, SS-31 is studied mainly as a mitochondrial-energy and tissue-protection compound. Here is what that looks like across the research.

    Energy & mitochondria

    Studied for homing in on the cell power plants and restoring the structure they need to produce energy efficiently.

    Heart-tissue protection

    In clinical research, investigated for heart failure and damage from interrupted blood flow, with early human trials measuring exercise capacity.

    Kidney protection

    Animal studies look at whether it shields the kidneys from injury and scarring by cutting mitochondrial stress.

    Muscle strength & endurance

    Animal studies look at recovery of age-related declines in muscle force and exercise tolerance.

    Oxidative-stress & ageing research

    Research explores it as an upstream antioxidant that stops cell damage at its source rather than mopping it up afterward.

    Overview

    SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a four-amino-acid peptide that homes in on the inner mitochondrial membrane, anchors to the phospholipid cardiolipin, and restores the structural organisation that the electron transport chain needs to produce ATP efficiently.

    SS-31 belongs to a family of Szeto-Schiller peptides designed to cross cell membranes without a transporter and accumulate specifically in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The key design feature is an alternating cationic-aromatic sequence — the positive charges drive membrane crossing, the aromatic residues anchor the peptide in the phospholipid bilayer with high affinity for cardiolipin.

    Cardiolipin is a phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it acts as a scaffold for the protein complexes that make up the electron transport chain. When cardiolipin becomes oxidised — which happens in ageing, heart failure, and ischaemia — the entire ETC supercomplex architecture destabilises. SS-31 prevents cardiolipin peroxidation, keeping the electron transport chain running and limiting the mitochondrial ROS cascade that flows from that breakdown.

    This places SS-31 at a mechanistically upstream position compared to most antioxidants, which simply scavenge free radicals after they are produced. SS-31 targets the site where the ROS originates and restores the structural conditions that prevent it from forming. It is supplied here as sterile lyophilised powder for in-vitro and preclinical research use.

    Mechanism of Action

    SS-31 accumulates inside the inner mitochondrial membrane, binds cardiolipin, prevents its peroxidation, and restores the structural platform that ETC supercomplexes require for efficient electron transfer and ATP generation.

    Pathway Effect Why it matters Cardiolipin binding 1000× concentration in the inner mitochondrial membrane Positions the peptide precisely at the site of mitochondrial ROS generation Cardiolipin peroxidation inhibition Prevents oxidative damage to the ETC scaffold lipid Preserves the structural template for ETC supercomplex assembly Cytochrome c stabilisation Keeps cytochrome c in electron-carrier rather than peroxidase conformation Directly reduces mitochondrial ROS production at Complex III ATP production restoration Normalises mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis Restores bioenergetic output in dysfunction models Cristae remodelling Maintains inner membrane curvature required for ETC supercomplexes Structural basis for improved respiratory chain efficiency Deeper dive for scientific readers

    Szeto (2014, Phytomedicine) established the cardiolipin-binding mechanism and the 1000-fold IMM concentration gradient. Birk et al. (2013, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology) demonstrated cristae-remodelling and ETC supercomplex preservation in cardiac ischaemia models. In the SPAR-01 trial (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), elamipretide improved 6-minute walk distance and quality-of-life scores. Renal and skeletal-muscle models consistently show ROS reduction, ATP restoration, and downstream attenuation of fibrotic signalling.

    Common Questions People Are Asking

    What is SS-31 (elamipretide) and what does it do?

    SS-31 (elamipretide; D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds the phospholipid cardiolipin. In research models it preserves the structure of the electron transport chain, reduces mitochondrial ROS, and supports ATP production. It is studied as a mitochondrial-protection tool compound and is supplied here for laboratory research only.

    What makes SS-31 different from other antioxidants?

    Most antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen species after they have been produced. SS-31 works upstream — it binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and prevents the structural breakdown that causes the electron transport chain to generate excess ROS in the first place. That makes it a structural/preventive mechanism rather than a scavenging one.

    What is cardiolipin and why does it matter?

    Cardiolipin is a phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It acts as a structural scaffold for the protein complexes of the electron transport chain — specifically promoting their organisation into "supercomplexes" that transfer electrons more efficiently. Cardiolipin peroxidation, which increases with ageing and mitochondrial stress, disrupts these supercomplexes and impairs ATP production.

    Has SS-31/Elamipretide been tested in humans, and did the trials work?

    Yes — elamipretide has progressed to human clinical trials, including the Phase 3 MMPOWER-3 trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy and TAZPOWER in Barth syndrome. The results were mixed: MMPOWER-3 did not meet its primary endpoints (6-minute walk and fatigue at 24 weeks), while a TAZPOWER open-label extension reported a later 6-minute-walk improvement. It remains investigational and is not approved for therapeutic use; the research-grade SS-31 supplied here is for in-vitro and preclinical use only.

    How is SS-31 different from MOTS-c?

    Both are mitochondria-related research peptides but act differently. SS-31 is a tetrapeptide that physically anchors in the inner mitochondrial membrane and protects cardiolipin to keep the electron transport chain efficient. MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that signals through AMPK as an "exercise mimetic". One protects mitochondrial structure; the other triggers metabolic signalling.

    What half-life appears in the literature?

    In rodent studies SS-31 is cleared rapidly from plasma (around a 2-hour half-life) but accumulates and is retained in mitochondria-rich tissues for far longer, which is why chronic preclinical protocols use intermittent subcutaneous dosing. Published human pharmacokinetics exist only within the elamipretide clinical-trial context. These figures are descriptive of the literature, not a recommendation.

    How should SS-31 be stored?

    Keep the lyophilised powder frozen at −20 °C. After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water or sterile saline, refrigerate at 1–6 °C and protect from light. SS-31 is a small, relatively stable tetrapeptide within standard peptide-handling conditions.

    Where can I buy SS-31?

    Right here — SS-31 is supplied directly by New-U Research Compounds on this page. Every batch is independently third-party tested to >99% HPLC purity with a batch-linked Certificate of Analysis, supplied as lyophilised research-grade material, and shipped direct from source worldwide in discreet, tracked packaging. Strictly for laboratory research use only — not for human use.

    How much does SS-31 cost?

    SS-31 pricing is shown live on this page, per pack size — 10-vial research packs as standard, with single-vial sample options on selected compounds. Larger vial strengths lower the per-mg cost, every order includes the batch Certificate of Analysis, and shipping is free on orders over $300.

    Is SS-31 third-party tested?

    Yes. Every SS-31 batch is verified by independent laboratories (Janoshik Analytics and Freedom Diagnostics) for identity and purity, with a batch-linked Certificate of Analysis confirming >99% purity by HPLC. Every order ships with its COA, and current batch certificates are published on our COA page.

    How do I buy SS-31?

    Add the SS-31 pack size you need to your cart and check out: enter your shipping details, then choose your payment method — cryptocurrency or card — on the next step. Every order ships with its batch Certificate of Analysis (COA). SS-31 is supplied strictly for laboratory research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

    What payment methods can I use to buy SS-31?

    At checkout you can pay by cryptocurrency (BTC, ETH, SOL, LTC, USDC, USDT and more) or by card, each handled by a dedicated secure payment provider. You choose your method after confirming your order.

    How fast is shipping, and do you ship worldwide?

    Yes — we ship worldwide in discreet, unmarked, temperature-stable, tracked packaging. Delivery typically takes 6–14 business days, and shipping is free on orders over $300.

    Is it legal to buy SS-31?

    In the United States, SS-31 is sold strictly for laboratory and research purposes only. It is not approved by the FDA for human consumption and is not sold for that purpose. Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction — buyers are responsible for compliance in their own region.

    Pharmacokinetics

    Stability Lyophilised powder: store in freezer (−20 °C). Reconstituted: refrigerate 1–6 °C, away from light. Use within the validated stability window for the specific batch and formulation. Notes SS-31 is rapidly cleared from plasma (t½ ~2 h in rodents) but accumulates and is retained in mitochondria-rich tissues for extended periods. Subcutaneous dosing is standard in chronic preclinical studies; IV bolus is used in acute ischaemia–reperfusion models. No published human PK data exists outside of the clinical-trial context (elamipretide cardiac and renal indications).

    Evidence Tier

    Overall: Mixed (human + animal)

    SS-31 (elamipretide) is unusual among research peptides in having reached human phase-3 trials, but the clinical results were mixed — MMPOWER-3 in primary mitochondrial myopathy did not meet its primary endpoints, while TAZPOWER (Barth syndrome) and SPAR-01 (HFpEF) reported 6-minute-walk gains. These sit on a large preclinical base. Elamipretide remains investigational and is not approved for any indication; the material supplied here is unapproved laboratory material.

    Tier 1 · Human clinical

  • Karaa et al. — MMPOWER-3 phase 3 RCT in primary mitochondrial myopathy (Neurology, 2023; PMID 37268435); did not meet its primary endpoints
  • TAZPOWER (Barth syndrome) open-label extension reported a 6-minute-walk improvement
  • SPAR-01 (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) reported improved 6-minute-walk distance and quality-of-life scores
  • Tier 2 · Animal

  • Birk et al. (2013, J Mol Cell Cardiol) — cristae remodelling and ETC-supercomplex preservation in cardiac ischaemia models
  • Rodent ischaemia–reperfusion, heart-failure and renal-injury models showing reduced mitochondrial ROS and restored ATP production
  • Source References & Further Reading

    Last reviewed: 16 June 2026 · New-U Research Compounds

  • Karaa A et al. — Efficacy and safety of elamipretide in primary mitochondrial myopathy: the MMPOWER-3 randomized clinical trial (Neurology, 2023) · 2023 · PMID: 37268435
  • Chavez JD et al. — Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31 (PNAS, 2020) · 2020 · DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002250117
  • PubMed: peer-reviewed literature on SS-31
  • ClinicalTrials.gov: registered studies on SS-31
  • SS-31: Wikipedia
  • WebMD: consumer health reference
  • BBC News: Health
  • CNN Health: “Peptides: what to know about the wellness trend”
  • Sky News: “Can peptides make America healthy again?”
  • Sky News: “Inside the exploding US peptides craze” (video)
  • Sky News Australia: “Black market peptide trade explodes as influencers fuel uptick in use”
  • Sky News Australia: “Backyard peptide boom sparks alarm” (video)
  • Sky News Australia: “Oprah reveals struggle with shame of weight-loss drugs”
  • Key Characteristics

  • Four-amino-acid tetrapeptide: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2
  • Alternating cationic-aromatic motif drives membrane penetration and IMM accumulation
  • Concentrates 1000× in the inner mitochondrial membrane vs. cytoplasm
  • Selective high-affinity binding to cardiolipin
  • Targets ROS production upstream — structural mechanism rather than scavenging
  • Active in cardiac, renal, skeletal muscle, and aging research models
  • Elamipretide has progressed to Phase II/III clinical trials
  • Research-grade purity: 99.7% HPLC (Janoshik #150228)
  • Specifications

    Molecular Formula C 32 H 49 N 7 O 6 Molecular Weight 638.78 Da Sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 Purity 99.7% (HPLC) Form Lyophilised powder Half-life ~2 h plasma (rodent); retained long-term in mitochondria-rich tissues Route Subcutaneous or intravenous injection Storage Lyophilised: −20 °C freezer. Reconstituted: 1-6 °C, away from light.

    About SS-31 (Elamipretide): Mitochondria-Targeted Cardiolipin Protector Research Guide

    SS-31 emerged from a research programme by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller at Weill Cornell, who were exploring how small peptides with alternating cationic and aromatic residues could be used to deliver compounds directly to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The breakthrough insight was that this structural motif gives the peptide an intrinsic affinity for cardiolipin — a phospholipid almost unique to the IMM — without requiring any active transport machinery.

    What makes SS-31 mechanistically unusual is that it is not simply an antioxidant in the conventional sense. It does not scavenge reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm or circulation. Instead, it prevents ROS from being generated in the first place, by preserving the structural integrity of the electron transport chain. Cardiolipin peroxidation disrupts ETC supercomplexes and drives cytochrome c into a peroxidase conformation that generates additional ROS — SS-31 interrupts that cycle at the cardiolipin step.

    Unusually for a research peptide, elamipretide (the INN for SS-31) has reached human clinical trials — programmes such as MMPOWER-3 in primary mitochondrial myopathy and TAZPOWER in Barth syndrome — though results have been mixed: MMPOWER-3 did not meet its primary endpoints, while a TAZPOWER open-label extension reported a 6-minute-walk improvement. New-U Research Compounds supplies SS-31 as a research-grade lyophilised powder at 99.7% HPLC purity, verified by independent third-party labs (Janoshik, task #150228, April 2026). All material is strictly for in-vitro and preclinical research use; SS-31/Elamipretide remains investigational and is not approved for human therapeutic use.

  • Elamipretide - Wikipedia
  • Cardiolipin - Wikipedia
  • Electron transport chain - Wikipedia
  • Mitochondrion - Wikipedia
  • Karaa et al. — MMPOWER-3 elamipretide trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy (Neurology, 2023; PMID 37268435)
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    Compound Price Purity spec COA SS-31 from $150 99.7% HPLC 1 published batch MOTS-C from $53 >99% HPLC 1 published batch 5-Amino-1MQ from $31 >99% HPLC On request

    Descriptive catalog comparison for research sourcing decisions — not dosing guidance. All compounds are for laboratory research use only.

    More on SS-31

  • SS-31 research guide
  • Research use only — not for human consumption. All products are supplied strictly for laboratory research purposes.

    © 2026 New-U Research Compounds · new-u.io — Copyright held with Hilxera Distribution Services LLC. All rights reserved.